,18 Recent “cluster” analysis, based on inflammatory cells (eosinophils and neutrophils) and biomarkers (IgE and IL-5) in sputum from patients with asthma or integration of the transcriptomic19,20 signatures into the analysis21,22 and nasal secretions from CRSwNP,23 have identified a number of potential endotypes to study upper and lower airway multimorbidity. This evidence concerns the gene IGHE and asthma.