While the link between SARM1 and axon degeneration was initially observed in response to axotomy (Gerdts et al., 2013, 2015; Tian et al., 2020), recent studies have shown that SARM1 can mediate axonal loss in animal models of chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (Osterloh et al., 2012; Geisler et al., 2019; Cetinkaya-Fisgin et al., 2020), in models of diabetic neuropathy (Cheng et al., 2019), and neuropathy associated with metabolic syndrome (Turkiew et al., 2017; Cheng et al., 2019). This evidence concerns the gene SARM1 and peripheral neuropathy.