Immunotherapy with ICI blocks the specific binding of PD-1 on the surface of immune cells, such as T cells and B cells, to PD-L1 on the surface of tumour cells and blocks the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway through programmed death-1 (PD-1) antibodies or ligand (PD-L1) antibodies, thereby relieving immunosuppression and exerting tumour-killing effects6. Here, CD274 is linked to neoplasm.