Most studies have investigated the role of TGF-β signaling in tumor progression and immunoregulation using mice with Tgfbr2 depletion or expression of a dominant-negative form of Tgfbr2, which results in abrogation of any signal transduction induced by all three isoforms of TGF-β 20-23. The gene discussed is TGFBR2; the disease is neoplasm.