PRKAA1 and colitis: We then blocked AMPK signaling in DSS-induced colitis in the mice using the AMPK antagonist Compound C (CC, 10 mg/Kg, i.p., Sigma-Aldrich) and found that Compound C greatly aggravated colitis in P2Y1R-/- mice, as shown by increased weight loss (day 7), increased DAI score (day 7), a shortened colon, and colonic tissue damage (Figure 8A-8D).