Probiotics can prevent human intestinal diseases; modulate the host immune response and intestinal mucosa by acting on antigens and altering the composition of the intestinal microbiota [43–45]; and repair the damaged intestinal mucosal barrier in patients with UC during disease progression [46] by inhibiting HMGB1-mediated intestinal barrier dysfunction [47], modulating immunomodulatory activity to influence cytokine expression, and maintaining the intestinal permeability by reducing inflammation and protecting intestinal barrier integrity [48]. Here, HMGB1 is linked to intestinal disorder.