CCL3 and preterm premature rupture of the membranes: Previous work has correlated enhanced levels of IL-1β,IL-6, MIP-1α, and MIP-2 with a higher risk of PPROM and pretermbirth.52−54 These studies demonstrate the correlation betweenbacterial infections such as bacterial vaginosis and UPEC with anupregulation of these proinflammatory markers.