For example, in colorectal cancer, an increased LAMA4 to LAMA5 ratio was related to increased BM permeability and poor survival in patients (V Galatenko et al., 2018); in ovarian cancer, LAMC1 and the LAMA1 to LAMA5 ratio were negatively associated with tumour immune infiltrates (TILs), whereas LAMA4 and LAMB1 predicted tumour purity, and LAMB3 and LAMC2 correlated with platinum resistance (Diao and Yang, 2021). This evidence concerns the gene LAMC2 and neoplasm.