EPRS1 and colitis: Three representative mouse models have been established to validate the in vivo role of EPRS1 under inflammatory conditions: (i) mice with LPS-mediated endotoxic shock; (ii) mice infected with the pathogen Salmonella Typhimurium; and (iii) mice treated with dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) to induce colitis, which establishes these mice as models of intestinal inflammatory conditions20.