However, upon closer examination of individual DEGs, we found the downregulation of EMT-related epithelial marker genes such as CDH1 and COL4A1 (Fig. 1c) and the upregulation of EMT-related mesenchymal marker genes such as CDH2, FN1, TGFBI, COL1A1, COL1A2, and MMP2, as well as poor prognostic factors of ovarian carcinoma, such as KRT7 and KRT19 (Fig. 7, Supplementary Fig. 4a–c)38. Here, COL1A1 is linked to ovarian carcinoma.