Even though some studies showed no significant difference in CD8 between good and poor pathologic responders, CD8 infiltration in treatment-naïve biopsies was generally significantly associated with a better PR.24,27 One study showed that nCRT was useful to induce CD4 and CD8 infiltration within the TME, suggesting that an elevated level of lymphocytes before nCRT might be a surrogate of a strong immune response induced by tumor cell necrosis caused by chemotherapy.55 The gene discussed is CD4; the disease is neoplasm.