PDCD1 and acute myeloid leukemia: PD-1/PD-L1 blockage is clinically beneficial mostly by disturbing T cell immune function.9 Early study has explored the treatment of ipilimumab in hematologic malignancies in the setting of allogeneic stem cell transplantation disease progression.15 In addition, inhibition of PD-1/PD-L1 combined with other targeted therapy has also been proven to improve outcomes in AML patients.14 Whereas, there is still a lack of systematic demonstration to apply anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy to AML.