APOB and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: These include: lipoprotein (a), Lp(a), a prothrombotic and proatherogenic LDL-like particle that contains lipoprotein(a) moiety covalently bound to apoB (27); lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) that preferentially hydrolyses oxidized phospholipids, which promotes atherosclerotic plaque buildup (28); and SAA, an inflammatory marker that in obesity preferentially associates with LDL (7, 29, 30).