In addition, JEV infection decreases thioredoxin expression in human promonocyte cells [178], while JEV infection in rats also promotes a decrease in CAT, GPx, and GSH activity in the brain, which disrupts the homeostatic redox balance during infection and exacerbates oxidative conditions that promote lipid peroxidation and a consequent increase in MDA levels [101]. Here, CAT is linked to infection.