TXN and neuropathy: Extracellular vesicles in particular can house similar antioxidant enzymes as MSCs, such as peroxiredoxin 1-6, SOD1-2, CAT, and thioredoxin.82 Many studies have also demonstrated that MSCs can be used as vehicles for the delivery of bioactive cytokines and enzymes via genetic engineering, which could be leveraged for the treatment of neuropathy in GI diseases.