signaling.[93] Propofol but not sevoflurane limits HIF-1α activation in hepatic ischemia/ reperfusion injury.[94] Propofol attenuates intracellular Ca2+ concentration, CaMKII and AKT phosphorylation, and HIF-1α expression, probably via inhibiting the NMDA receptor, thus inhibiting glycolysis and adhesion of tumor and endothelial cells.[95]. Here, HIF1A is linked to ischemia.