Specifically, to validate the activation of the FGD5-AS1/miR-15a-5p/BHLHE40 axis in pancreatic cancer in vivo, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was employed to characterize the expression of FGD5-AS1, miR-15a-5p and BHLHE40 and co-localization among these members in the tumor tissues (Fig. S9). The gene discussed is BHLHE40; the disease is familial pancreatic carcinoma.