LGALS3 and atrial fibrillation: We divided these studies into the following parts: (i) differences in the levels of gal-3 between patients with AF and patients in sinus rhythm, (ii) differences in the levels of gal-3 between patients with different types of AF, (iii) gal-3 in patients with AF undergoing cardioversion, (iv) gal-3 as a predictor of AF recurrence after ablation and (v) gal-3 in patients with AF undergoing surgeries and other invasive procedures (Fig. 2).