Primary human lung fibroblasts exposed to RV-A16 or RV-B2 had increased expression of ECM components including perlecan and collagen V. This was confirmed in vivo in lung tissue of C57/BL6 mice infected with RV-1B, where fibronectin and Col1A1 were significantly upregulated within 24 hours post-infection [58]. This evidence concerns the gene COL1A1 and infection.