Taken together, and as shown in Fig. 1A, Fn colonizes in different subgroups of colorectal cancers with differing efficiency but grows at a similar rate once it establishes colonization, except that Fn infects with and grows more efficiently in MLH1 hypermethylated-CRC than in other groups of colorectal cancers as shown in Fig. 1B. Here, MLH1 is linked to colorectal carcinoma.