Recently, the application of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), such as cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) or PD-1, have produced significant improvements in anti-tumor treatment 33; however, refractory or relapse after CPI immunotherapy is frequent in patients, necessitating the investigation for new strategies to heighten anti-tumor responses 34. The gene discussed is CTLA4; the disease is neoplasm.