Upon hypoxia or mitogen stimulation, UBC12 acted as a dual E2 complexed with DJ-1/Parkin to enhance ubiquitylation and degradation of UBE2F, further resulting in CRL5 inactivation, the pro-apoptotic protein NOXA accumulation and the growth inhibition of lung cancer cells 63. The gene discussed is UBE2M; the disease is lung carcinoma.