AKT1 and neoplasm: PTEN is considered a tumor suppressor gene that can dephosphorylate phosphatidylinositol-3, 4, 5-triphosphate (PIP3) to PIP2, thereby antagonizing phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K) signaling and AKT phosphorylation/activation, which in turn affects cell cycle progression, apoptosis and motility (31–33).