Lactate, as a promoter of angiogenesis, increases angiogenesis through HIF-1α stabilization to promote the expression of VEGF (Depping et al., 2008) Furthermore, studies have shown that the progression of PAH is due to VEGF (Wang et al., 2022) and Arginase (Arg) (Ji et al., 2022) overexpression. The gene discussed is VEGFA; the disease is pulmonary arterial hypertension.