Of 105 cytokines measured (Fig. 8b), we selected representative mediators of CKD-induced inflammation, including MCP1 [39], granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), [40] adiponectin [41], TNFα [42], interleukin-24 (IL24) [43], leukaemia inhibitory factor (LIF) [44], and resistin [45] (Fig. 8c-f). Here, LIF is linked to chronic kidney disease.