Inhibition of P2X7R decreases renal inflammation and improves functional parameters in the Streptozotocin mouse model of type 1 diabetes [65], whilst here, co-incubation of TGFβ1-treated primary hPTECs with a P2X7R antagonist (A438079) prevented NLRP3 activation. Here, TGFB1 is linked to type 1 diabetes mellitus.