THY1 and early-onset autosomal dominant Alzheimer disease: DL-AO is demonstrated to work robustly in various types of data and specimens, including simulated SMLM frames (Fig. 2e, Supplementary Figs. 3a,b and 5), fluorescence beads (Figs. SS1 and SS2), mitochondrial networks in cells8,40 (Figs. 3 and 4 and Extended Data Figs. 8 and 9), Aβ plaques64 in the brains of mouse models of Alzheimer’ disease (Fig. 5, Supplementary Fig. 6 and Fig. SS23), as well as dendrites and spines40,65,66 in cortical L5 Thy1+ pyramidal cells in the brains of Thy1-ChR2-EYFP transgenic mice (Fig. 6 and Extended Data Fig. 10).