In IBD, the majority of independent association studies and meta-analyses reported an association between inheritance of human TLR4 SNPs encoding D299G/T399I and increased risk of IBD in humans (10, 60, –, 70); however, some studies with smaller sample sizes reported no significant association (65, –, 67, 71, –, 73). The gene discussed is TLR4; the disease is inflammatory bowel disease.