Thiazolidinedione (TZD) agents, such as rosiglitazone, are PPARγ agonist ligands shown previously to ameliorate DSS-induced colitis in mice (139, 150, –, 154) and 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced colitis in rats (155). The gene discussed is PPARG; the disease is colitis.