ALDH1A1 → HIF-1α → VEGFA signaling triggered angiogenesis in MCF-7 tumor xenografts.47 This result, like many others, demonstrates that BCSC specification is simply a component (along with angiogenesis, migration/invasion, metabolic reprogramming, and chemotherapy resistance) of the “high HIF” phenotype, also known as the lethal cancer phenotype. Here, HIF1A is linked to cancer.