PGF and preeclampsia: Reduced VEGF and PlGF may profoundly affect brain vascular development and neurodevelopment.14,45,48 Accordingly, we report a low relative VEGF and PlGF trend in human fetal plasma of preeclampsia, which agrees with other studies using quantitative ELISA assays, showing significantly reduced VEGF,49,50 or PlGF50 levels in fetal serum from preeclampsia.