TNF and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: Most studies have shown that in IBD population, obesity, and diabetes remain risk factors for the development of NAFLD (9, 44, 46, 48), and a history of bowel resection, treatment of IBD with glucocorticoids, methotrexate, and azathioprine are associated with an increased incidence of NAFLD (8, 9, 44, 46), while the results of the anti-tnf-α therapy in patients with NAFLD are inconsistent (44, 49).