Chen's study in China revealed that the CTLA-4 +49G>A gene polymorphism of the GG genotype increased the risk of developing liver cirrhosis and HCC, while CTLA-4 -318 T>C of CC genotype increased the risk of persistent hepatitis B virus infection (Chenet al., 2014). The gene discussed is CTLA4; the disease is hepatocellular carcinoma.