VCAM1 and HIV infectious disease: In this study of PWH on ART with vs. without asymptomatic CSF viral escape, in which groups with CSF VL > 50 copies/mL or <50 copies/mL were matched for age, duration of HIV infection, nadir CD4 count, and type of ART regimen, we showed that asymptomatic CSF viral escape was associated with increased IL-1β, IFN-γ, IP-10, ICAM-1, and VCAM-1 in CSF but not plasma.