In addition, because the immunosuppressive TME can jeopardize the anti-tumor function of neoantigen-specific T cells on which the efficacy of EGFR-targeting peptide vaccines relies, TME remodeling reagents such as TKIs, metabolism modulators and cytokines that can relieve the immunosuppression within the TME may further enhance the efficacy of these immunotherapies. The gene discussed is EGFR; the disease is neoplasm.