INS and diabetes mellitus: Diabetes, a metabolic disorder caused by elevated levels of blood glucose in the human body, can be divided into two types: type I and type II, with the former being an insulin-dependent diabetes caused by dysfunction and destruction of pancreatic β-cells leading to deficiency in insulin secretion, and the latter due to excessive insulin secretion resulting in the malfunction of insulin receptors so that insulin resistance occurs, accompanied by hyperinsulinemia symptom [3].