TGFB1 and diabetic kidney disease: It can inhibit oxidative stress and reduce extracellular matrix (ECM) secretion by inhibiting the TGF-β1/Smad and TGF-β1/p38MAPK signaling pathways, thereby improving renal function and fibrosis in rats with diabetic nephropathy induced by high-glucose and high-fat diet combined with streptozotocin administration.