Based on included studies, current therapy options for the treatment of endometriosis-related pain identified and reviewed in this article (summarized in Table 1) were: (1) non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs); (2) combined oral contraceptive (COCs); (3) progestins; (4) gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists (GnRH agonists); (5) gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonists (GnRH antagonists); (6) aromatase inhibitors (Ais); (7) selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs); (8) selective progesterone receptor modulators (SPRMs), and (9) levonorgestrel-intrauterine device (LNG-IUD). The gene discussed is ESR1; the disease is endometriosis.