In a dimethylnitrosamine-induced liver fibrosis model, Lee et al. found that heparin–pluronic nanogel inhibited the mRNA expression of type I collagen and MMP-1 and MMP-2 tissue inhibitor, and it reduced important molecules of the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway, such as TGF-β1, p-Smad 2 and p-Smad 3 [84]. Here, TGFB1 is linked to Hepatic fibrosis.