PCSK1N and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: We established a case-control study from our cohort of pregnant women and its follow-up data to examine (1) associations between the serum SAAs concentrations in early trimester of pregnancy and subsequent GDM risk; (2) the associations between maternal SAAs levels in early trimester of pregnancy with obesity-related growth patterns if any, in offspring at 1 to 8 years of age; and (3) whether GDM mediates the risk associations between maternal SAAs concentrations in early trimester of pregnancy and adverse growth patterns in offspring.