However, during the colostral period, the copeptin levels for both the maternal plasma and colostrum of lactating diabetic mothers were significantly higher compared with the normoglycemic cohort (for plasma ~12 ng/mL for GDM and ~8 ng/mL for non-GDM, and for colostrum, ~14 ng/mL for GDM and ~9 ng/mL for non-GDM) [130]. The gene discussed is AVP; the disease is gestational diabetes.