CASP9 and cancer: Specifically, our data revealed that exposure to different concentrations of PhEF (0.75–2.5% v/v) led to an increase in the activity levels of Caspases-9 (Figure 6(Aii,Bii)) and -3 (Figure 6(Aiii,Biii)), while caspase-8 remained unresponsive (Figure 6(Ai,Bi)), a pattern which was similar between A375 (Figure 6(Ai–Aiii)) and COLO-679 (Figure 6(Bi–Biii)) malignant melanoma cells.