In DSS model mice, the intervention of Pu’er tea extract (100 mg/kg) and the positive control drug 5-aminosalicylic acid (100 mg/kg) were both found to reduce the levels of TNF-α, IL-6, and other pro-inflammatory cytokines in the serum and colon of colitis mice, inhibit the activation of the NF-κB pathway, and down-regulate the expression of HIF-1α [46,47]. Here, HIF1A is linked to colitis.