TNF and metabolic disease: Increased biomarkers of oxidative stress and those that favor a pro-inflammatory state, including malonaldehyde (MDA), together with interleukin (IL)-6, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) have been correlated with increased cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk [12,13,15], and this is more pronounced in conditions of metabolic disease [16,17].