TGFB1 and penile cancer: Our study aimed to assess the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines’ mRNA such as interleukin 1-A (encoded by IL1A gene, alias IL-1A), interleukin 1-B (IL1B, IL-1B), interleukin 1 receptor antagonist (IL1RN, IL-1RN), interleukin 6 (IL6, IL-6), transforming growth factor β1 (TGFB1, TGFβ-1), and Interferon-gamma (INFG, INF-γ) in penile cancer tissue and associate them with tumor progression and patient survival.