When considering patients with type 2 diabetes, Gradisteanu et al. observed a decreased alpha diversity of the microbiome compared to controls, as measured by the fact that the Shannon index, lower fecal butyrate levels, and IL-8 levels were positively associated with Enterobacteriaceae, Sutterella, Bacteroidaceae, Clostridiaceae, and Parasutterela, while IL-17 expression was positively correlated with Sutterellaceae, Alistipes, and Enterobacteriaceae [49]. This evidence concerns the gene CXCL8 and type 2 diabetes mellitus.