In breast cancer cells, secreted LOXL2 enhances lymphatic endothelial cell invasion through AKT and ERK signalling and stimulates fibroblasts to secrete pro-lymphangiogenic factors such as vascular endothelial growth factor C (VEGF-C) and stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF-1α) [50]. Here, CXCL12 is linked to breast cancer.