ADIPOQ and diabetes mellitus: Conversely, oral LPS administration has been reported to have beneficial effects in KK/Ay mice by suppressing the expression of diabetes-associated indices, such as the oral glucose tolerance test, hemoglobinA1c (HbA1c), and glucose tolerance index (Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance, HOMA-IR), and increasing the expression of the anti-inflammatory cytokine adiponectin [15].