AFP and hepatocellular carcinoma: Hepatitis B (HBV) carriers with HCC tend to have higher circulating ERBB2 and TERT mutations, higher methylation rates in RASSF1, TFPI2, TRG5 (along with AFP), and XPO4, and low methylation rates in CDKN2A than those without HCC [43,59,63,70,71,72].