Junctional proteins like E-cadherin, claudin, occludin, and zonula occludens 1 (ZO-1) are present at reduced levels in CRS, while matrix proteins and proteases such as periostin, laminin, vimentin, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) 2 and 9, fibronectin, and tenascin-C have increased expression levels in CRS [21]. This evidence concerns the gene VIM and congenital rubella syndrome.