DPP3 and esophageal cancer: Currently, there is no evidence that these signaling pathways are related; however, there are reports that DPP3 depletion by shRNA reduces the cell migration of colon cancer cell lines HCT-116 and RKO [18] and esophageal cancer cell lines Eca-109 and TE-1 [28], although the exact mechanism of DPP3 involvement in cell migration was not elucidated.