S100A9 and neoplasm: Although the methodology of the present study does not allow for the separate detection of TAN subpopulations, it is worth noting that the upregulation of the S100A9 gene, as observed in our study, has been shown to enhance the chemotactic and enzymatic activity of the N1 (anti-tumor) subpopulation [42], which suggests that the upregulation of S100A9 could play an important role in the functional activity of N1 cells after eCPMV treatment.